Pengisi Daya Cerdas untuk Baterai Isi Ulang 9V NiMH V1

Kode

• charger.ino
• main.ino
• hw.ino
• lcd.ino
• kalkulasi.ino
• Library LiquidCrystal baru digunakan untuk proyek ini

charger.inoArduino

//Ini untuk mengisi baterai NiMH 9V //Baterai dapat memiliki 6,7 atau 8 sel 1,25V//Ini membuat tegangan nominal antara 7,5 dan 10V#include #include #include  #include #include LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIF); // tentukan alamat LCD ke 0x27 untuk 16 karakter dan tampilan 2 baris//Definisi perangkat keras#definisikan MCP4725_ADDR 0x60 //alamat DAC#tentukan DAC_REF_VOLTAGE 5.0#tentukan CHARGE_RELAY_PIN 2#tentukan DISCONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY HIGH#DEFINE CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR 10.2 //OHm#define BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PIN A0#define R1 5090 //Resistor sisi rendah dari pembagi pendeteksi tegangan#menentukan R2 19910//Resistor sisi tinggi dari pembagi pendeteksi tegangan#menentukan ADC_REF_VOLTAGE 4.89 //Arduino tegangan suplai nyata atau tegangan AREF untuk tegangan suplai yang tepat atau tegangan AREF ADC ke terjemahan tegangan#define R3 3300.0#define R4 6800.0#define AMP_GAIN (1+R4/R3)//Berbagai definisi//#define MINIMUM_VOLTAGE 8.1 //Tegangan minimum setelah regulator#define BATTERY_GOOD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD 7.0#define MAXIMRRENTALLOW arus baterai mA (hard cut-off)#menentukan MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE 15.0 //Tegangan baterai maksimum yang diizinkan V (hard cut-off)#menentukan VOLTAGE_STEP 0,001 //Langkah untuk tegangan regulasi#define POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING 100 //Berapa banyak poin yang diambil untuk rata-rata#define MEASURE2MEASURE_US 5000 //Waktu antar pengukuran dalam mikrodetik (perlu lebih dari 200 karena dua pembacaan analog)#define VOLTAGE_LOG_TIME_MIN 30.0 //Waktu dalam menit untuk menghemat tegangan dV / dT cutoff # mendefinisikan MINUTES_TO_LOG 5 # mendefinisikan TRICKLE_CURRENT_RATIO 40 // Charger menyatakan # mendefinisikan INITIALIZATION 0 # mendefinisikan NO_BATTERY 5 # mendefinisikan BATTERY_CONNECTED 10 # mendefinisikan BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW 15 # mendefinisikan CURRENT_RAMP_UP 20 # mendefinisikan PENGISIAN 30 # mendefinisikan CURRENT_RAMP_DOWN 32 # mendefinisikan tetesan 35 # mendefinisikan END_OF_TRICKLE 37 # mendefinisikan UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL 40 # mendefinisikan UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT 60 # mendefinisikan FULLY_CHARGED 70 # mendefinisikan CURRENT_TOO_HIGH 80 # mendefinisikan REGULATION_FAILED 90 # mendefinisikan arus lebih 100 # mendefinisikan tegangan 101 # mendefinisikan FINAL_STATE 200 /// unsigned int voltage_readings [POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING], current_sensing_resistor_readings [POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING], averaging_index; //Untuk rata-rata panjang unsigned int voltage_sum,current_sum;//Jumlah rata-rataf loat regulator_voltage_code, resistor_voltage, csr_voltage_code, regulator_voltage, current_mA, battery_voltage; // Measurmentsfloat tmp_resistor_voltage, tmp_current_mA, tmp_regulator_voltage, tmp_battery_voltage; int i, j, charger_state; pendek unsigned int last_second, lcd_last_second, log_last_second; String lcd_last_string1, lcd_last_string2; String empty_string ="";String msg,eoc_line1,eoc_line2;unsigned char sec_index,min_index;//long long int charging_started;float sec_log[60],min_log[MINUTES_TO_LOG],last_blf;float trickle_current_mA;int total_minutes_average_average=0_FlolapsedTimeMillis;elapsed 0;float last_dac_voltage=0;//Messagesconst char msg_battery_detected[] PROGMEM ="Baterai terdeteksi";const char msg_no_battery[] PROGMEM ="Tidak ada baterai";const char msg_battery_ok[] PROGMEM ="Batchar ok";const char msg_battery_ok[] PROGMEM ="Baterai ok"; PROGMEM ="Tegangan baterai terlalu rendah";const char msg_voltage_too_low_short[] PROGMEM ="V Baterai lemah";const char msg_ramp_up[] PROGM EM ="Meningkatkan";const char msg_charging[] PROGMEM ="Mengisi daya";const char msg_space[] PROGMEM =" ";const char msg_ramp_down[] PROGMEM ="Menurunkan";const char msg_trickle_charge[] PROGMEM ="Trickle charge ";const char msg_no_current[] PROGMEM ="Tidak ada arus";const char msg_current_unreachable[] PROGMEM ="Saya tidak dapat dijangkau";const char msg_current_unreachable_long[] PROGMEM ="Tidak dapat mencapai arus yang diinginkan";const char msg_completed[] PROGMEM ="Selesai ";const char msg_charge[] PROGMEM ="Charge";const char msg_high_current[] PROGMEM ="Arus tinggi";const char msg_regulation_fault[] PROGMEM ="Kesalahan regulasi";const char msg_overcurrent[] PROGMEM ="Arus terlalu tinggi"; const char msg_overvoltage[] PROGMEM ="Tegangan terlalu tinggi";const char msg_trickle_completed[] PROGMEM ="Tetesan selesai";//************************ **** Parameter pengisian *****************************************//* ************************************************** **************************************float target_current_mA=30; //Mengisi daya mAfloat battery_nominal_capacity_mA=170 saat ini; //Kapasitas nominal baterai mAfloat max_time_for_trickle_charge=6; //Waktu pengisian tetesan maksimum dalam hitungan menit//**************************************** *************************************************/ /************************************************ **************************************** struct mytime { jam karakter yang tidak ditandatangani; menit char yang tidak ditandatangani; unsigned int total_minutes;} elapsed_time;void setup() { pinMode(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); putuskan_pengisian_sirkuit(); //Putuskan sambungan pengisi daya dari baterai Wire.begin();//I2C dac_write_voltage(0);//Pastikan set arus lebih rendah Serial.begin(115200); last_second=kedua(); lcd_last_second=kedua(); log_last_second=kedua(); Timer1.initialize(MEASURE2MEASURE_US); //Akan digunakan untuk mengukur tegangan dan arus baterai (mikrodetik) Timer1.attachInterrupt(read_hw); // melampirkan read_hw() sebagai timer overflow interrupt averaging_index=0; detik_indeks=0; indeks_min=0; charger_state=0;//Status awal keadaan mesin want_dac_voltage=0;//Buat shure tegangan minimum outout last_blf=1.0; trickle_current_mA=baterai_nominal_kapasitas_mA/TRICKLE_CURRENT_RATIO; //ChargingTimeMillis=0; //LCD lcd.begin(16,2); lcd.lampu latar(); lcd.clear(); update_lcd(F("Hidupkan..."),empty_string); delay(1000);}float log_battery_voltage(){ //Log hanya sekali per detik jika (log_last_second==second()) mengembalikan last_blf; lain log_last_second=kedua(); sec_log[sec_index]=tegangan_baterai; if (indeks_detik<59) { indeks_detik++; } else {//Jika satu menit masuk //Hitung rata-rata per menit if (min_index>=MINUTES_TO_LOG) min_index=0; detik_indeks=0; float sum_v=0; untuk (i=0;i<60;i++){ sum_v+=sec_log[i]; } float min_average=sum_v/60.0; for(i=1;i 
main.inoArduino 
 
void loop() { String msg1; switch(charger_state){ case INITIALIZATION://Initial state disconnect_charging_circuit();//Make shure relay disconnected dac_write_voltage(0);//Pastikan set arus yang lebih rendah yang diinginkan want_dac_voltage=0;//Make shure tunda keluaran tegangan minimum(100); baca_status(); if (baterai_voltage>0.1) { charger_state=BATTERY_CONNECTED;//Baterai terdeteksi update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_detected),empty_string); Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_detected)); penundaan(2000); } else {//Tidak ada baterai Serial.println(M2S(msg_no_battery)); update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_battery),construct_status_string()); charger_state=NO_BATTERY;//Battery terdeteksi delay(1000); } merusak; case NO_BATTERY://Tidak ada baterai read_status(); if (battery_voltage>0.1) { charger_state=BATTERY_CONNECTED;//Baterai terdeteksi Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_detected)); update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_detected),konstruksi_status_string()); penundaan (1500); } else{ //Jika tidak ada baterai yang tetap dalam keadaan ini update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_battery),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1100); } merusak; case BATTERY_CONNECTED://Baterai terhubung dac_write_voltage(0);//Pastikan set arus lebih rendah yang diinginkan want_dac_voltage=0; penundaan(100); baca_status(); if (baterai_voltage>BATTERY_GOOD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD){ charger_state=CURRENT_RAMP_UP;//Mulai pengisian rampup saat ini //snprintf(selamat datang, sizeof(selamat datang),"Firmware:V%d.%d%d",ver,ver2,ver3); update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_ok),construct_status_string()); Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_ok)); penundaan(2000); want_dac_voltage=get_approximated_dac_voltage(voltage_baterai);//Set tegangan regulator yang dibutuhkan //Serial.println(get_approximated_dac_voltage(voltage_baterai)); connect_charging_circuit(); penundaan (200); } else { charger_state=BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW;//Tegangan baterai terlalu rendah Serial.println(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low)); update_lcd(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low_short),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1000); } merusak; case BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW://Tegangan baterai terlalu rendah update_lcd(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low_short),construct_status_string()); Serial.println(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low)); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; case CURRENT_RAMP_UP:///Ramp up saat ini //if (current_mA<1.0) charger_state=40;//Arus tiba-tiba turun read_status(); update_lcd(M2S(msg_ramp_up),construct_status_string()); penundaan (50); if (current_mAMAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE ) charger_state=OVERVOLTAGE;//Overvoltage if (abs(current_mA-target_current_mA)>0.2){//Jika arus menyimpang dari (arus_mA<1.0) 0,01) want_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP; else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Arus terlalu tinggi, tidak dapat diturunkan } } if (abs(current_mA-target_current_mA)>5){//Peraturan gagal, perbedaan terlalu tinggi charger_state=REGULATION_FAILED;//Kesalahan regulasi, perbedaan terlalu tinggi } dac_write_voltage (wanted_dac_voltage); if (total_minutes_averagetrickle_current_mA) { if (wanted_dac_voltage>VOLTAGE_STEP) { want_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP; dac_write_voltage(diinginkan_dac_voltage); } else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Tidak dapat mengurangi arus ke laju tetesan } else { charger_state=TRICKLE;//Charging TrickleChargingTimeMillis=0; Serial.println(M2S(msg_trickle_charge)); } merusak; kasus TRICKLE://Penundaan pengisian daya (200); baca_status(); if (current_mA<0.2) charger_state=UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL;//Arus tiba-tiba turun if (battery_voltage>MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE ) charger_state=OVERVOLTAGE;//Overvoltage if (abs(current_mA-trickle_current_mA)>0.2){//mA 0,01) want_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP; else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Arus terlalu tinggi, tidak dapat diturunkan } } if (abs(current_mA-trickle_current_mA)>5){//Peraturan gagal, perbedaan terlalu tinggi charger_state=REGULATION_FAILED;//Kesalahan regulasi, perbedaan terlalu tinggi } dac_write_voltage (wanted_dac_voltage); //if (total_minutes_averagemax_time_for_trickle_charge) {//Biaya tetesan maksimum yang diizinkan update_lcd(eoc_line1,eoc_line2); charger_state=END_OF_TRICKLE;//Hentikan disconnect_charging_circuit(); //Putuskan pengisi daya dari baterai } putus; kasus END_OF_TRICKLE:if ((second()%8)<4) update_lcd(M2S(msg_trickle_completed),construct_status_string()); lain update_lcd(eoc_line1,eoc_line2); merusak; case UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL://Arus tiba-tiba turun Serial.println(F("Arus tiba-tiba turun")); putuskan_pengisian_sirkuit(); want_dac_voltage=0; update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_current),construct_status_string()); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan penundaan(1000); merusak; case UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT://Tidak dapat mencapai Serial.println(M2S(msg_current_unreachable_long) yang diinginkan saat ini); putuskan_pengisian_sirkuit(); want_dac_voltage=0; dac_write_voltage(diinginkan_dac_voltage); penundaan (1000); update_lcd(M2S(msg_current_unreachable),construct_status_string()); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; case FULLY_CHARGED://Terisi penuh elapsed_time=mills2time(ChargingTimeMillis); int biaya_mAh; charge_mAh=calculate_charge(ChargingTimeMillis); msg =String(M2S(msg_completed)+M2S(msg_space)+construct_time_string(elapsed_time)); msg1=String(M2S(msg_charge)+M2S(msg_space)+String(charge_mAh)+String("mAh")); eoc_line1=pesan; eoc_line2=msg1; update_lcd(pesan,pesan1); Serial.println(pesan); //putus_pengisian_sirkuit(); //wanted_dac_voltage=0; //dac_write_voltage(diinginkan_dac_voltage); penundaan(3000); charger_state=CURRENT_RAMP_DOWN;//Hentikan istirahat; case CURRENT_TOO_HIGH://Arus terlalu tinggi Serial.println(F("Tidak dapat menurunkan arus ke target")); putuskan_pengisian_sirkuit(); want_dac_voltage=0; dac_write_voltage(0); update_lcd(M2S(msg_high_current),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1000); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; kasus REGULATION_FAILED://Peraturan gagal Serial.println(M2S(msg_regulation_fault)); putuskan_pengisian_sirkuit(); want_dac_voltage=0; dac_write_voltage(0); update_lcd(M2S(msg_regulation_fault),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1000); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; case OVERCURRENT://Arus lebih disconnect_charging_circuit(); Serial.println(M2S(msg_overcurrent)); want_dac_voltage=0; dac_write_voltage(diinginkan_dac_voltage); update_lcd(M2S(msg_overcurrent),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1000); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; kasus OVERVOLTAGE:// Tegangan lebih disconnect_charging_circuit(); Serial.println(M2S(msg_overvoltage)); want_dac_voltage=0; dac_write_voltage(diinginkan_dac_voltage); update_lcd(M2S(msg_overvoltage),construct_status_string()); penundaan (1000); charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Hentikan istirahat; kasus FINAL_STATE://Menghentikan penundaan (10000); merusak; default:want_dac_voltage=0; pengisi daya_status=0; } //Serial.println(current_mA); //Serial.print("Saat ini="); //Serial.print(current_mA); //Serial.println("mA"); //Serial.print("tegangan DAC"); //Serial.println(dac_voltage); //Serial.print("Tegangan DAC yang diinginkan"); //Serial.println(wanted_dac_voltage); //Serial.print(current_mA); //Serial.print(" "); //Serial.print(dac_voltage); //Serial.print(" "); baca_status(); if (last_second!=second()){ Serial.print(current_mA); Serial.print(","); //Serial.print(resistor_voltage); //Serial.print(","); //Serial.print(dac_voltage); //Serial.print(","); //Serial.print(regulator_voltage); //Serial.print(","); Serial.println(tegangan_baterai); last_second=kedua(); }}
 
hw.inoArduino 
 
float get_approximated_dac_voltage(float vbat){ //float offset_voltage=1.2/R3*(R3+R4); float offset_voltage=1.2; float adc_voltage=(vbat-offset_voltage)/AMP_GAIN-0.5; jika (adc_voltage<0) adc_voltage=0; kembali adc_voltage;}int voltage_to_code(voltase mengambang){ int code=4095.0/DAC_REF_VOLTAGE*voltage; kode kembali;}void dac_write(int code){ Wire.beginTransmission(MCP4725_ADDR); Kawat.tulis(64); // cmd untuk memperbarui DAC Wire.write(code>> 4); // 8 bit paling signifikan... Wire.write((code &15) <<4); // 4 bit paling tidak signifikan... Wire.endTransmission();}void read_status(){ voltage_sum=0; jumlah_saat ini=0; untuk (i=0;i=POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING) indeks_rata-rata=0; if(tmp_battery_voltage>MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE) { disconnect_charging_circuit(); // Putuskan sambungan pengisi daya dari pengisi daya baterai_status =TEGANGAN BERLEBIHAN; } if (tmp_current_mA>MAXIMIM_ALLOWED_CURRENT ){ disconnect_charging_circuit(); // Putuskan sambungan pengisi daya dari pengisi daya baterai_status=SULIT; }}void disconnect_charging_circuit(){ digitalWrite(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN,DISCONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY); //Putuskan sambungan pengisi daya dari baterai}void connect_charging_circuit(){ digitalWrite(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN,CONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY); //Hubungkan pengisi daya ke baterai}//sec_index=0;//min_index=0;
 
lcd.inoArduino 
 
void update_lcd(String first_line,String second_line){ //Serial.print("update_lcd "); //Serial.print(lcd_last_string2); //Serial.print(" "); //Serial.println(baris_kedua); if (lcd_last_string1!=baris_pertama){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print(baris_pertama); lcd_last_string1=baris_pertama; lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(baris_kedua); lcd_last_string2=baris_kedua; } if(lcd_last_second!=second()){ if (lcd_last_string2!=second_line){ lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(baris_kedua); lcd_last_string2=baris_kedua; } } lcd_last_second=second();}String construct_status_string(void){ String v,i; if (tegangan_baterai<10) v=String(tegangan_baterai, 2); lain v=String(tegangan_baterai, 1); if (current_mA<10) i=String(current_mA, 2); else i=String(current_mA, 1); //Serial.println(v); waktu saya telah berlalu; String pesan,msg_time; //Serial.print(pengisian_mulai); //Serial.print(" "); //Serial.println(String(millis()-charging_started)); switch(charger_state){ case CHARGING:elapsed=mills2time(ChargingTimeMillis); merusak; case TRICKLE:elapsed=mills2time(TrickleChargingTimeMillis); merusak; } if (charger_state==CHARGING || charger_state==TRICKLE){ if (elapsed.total_minutes<10) msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes)+" "; else if (elapsed.total_minutes<100) msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes)+" "; else msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes); } switch(charger_state){ case CHARGING:msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA"))+" "+msg_time; merusak; case TRICKLE:msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA"))+" "+msg_time; merusak; default:msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA")); } msg.replace("-","");//Remove minus sign return msg;}String construct_time_string(mytime timeinfo){ String mystring=String(timeinfo.hours,DEC)+String(F(":"))+String(timeinfo.minutes,DEC); //return String(timeinfo.hours,DEC)+String(F(":"))+String(timeinfo.minutes,DEC); return mystring;}
 
calculations.inoArduino 
 
float best_linear_fit(float y[MINUTES_TO_LOG]){ float sx =0.0, sy =0.0, sxx =0.0, sxy =0.0; //int n =y.size(); for (i =0; i  
New LiquidCrystal library used for this projectArduino 
 
Tidak ada pratinjau (hanya unduhan).
  
 
 Skema  
  charger_AgK96zxw2T.zip
 

            


            

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