Membuat Sistem Radar Arduino dengan Sensor Ultrasonik & Servo

Dalam Tutorial Arduino ini saya akan menunjukkan bagaimana Anda dapat membuat radar yang tampak keren ini menggunakan Papan Arduino dan Lingkungan Pengembangan Processing. Anda dapat menonton video di bawah ini atau membaca tutorial tertulis di bawahnya untuk detail lebih lanjut.

Ringkasan

Yang Anda butuhkan untuk Proyek Arduino ini adalah Sensor Ultrasonik untuk mendeteksi objek, Motor Servo hobi kecil untuk memutar sensor dan Papan Arduino untuk mengontrol mereka. Anda dapat menonton video di bawah ini atau membaca tutorial tertulis di bawahnya.[/column]

Komponen yang diperlukan untuk Proyek Arduino ini

Anda dapat mendapatkan komponen ini dari salah satu situs di bawah ini:

Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04 …………
Motor Servo………………………………..
Papan Arduino ……………………………
Breadboard dan Kabel Jumper ………

Membangun Perangkat

Pertama saya membuat ständer kardus untuk menghubungkan Sensor Ultrasonik ke Motor Servo. Saya melipatnya seperti yang ditunjukkan di gambar di bawah, melem dan mengamankannya ke servo motor menggunakan baut seperti ini.

Membuat Sistem Radar Arduino dengan Sensor Ultrasonik & Servo – Panduan Langkah demi Langkah

Saya juga memasang header pin tempat saya memasang 4 kabel jumper untuk menghubungkan sensor.

Akhirnya saya mengamankan servo motor ke Papan Arduino menggunakan karet ikat.

Ada juga braket montase khusus untuk sensor ultrasonik dari Banggod. Anda dapat mendapatkannya dari tautan berikut:

Sensor Ultrasonik dengan Braket Montase ………
Braket Montase Untuk Jarak Ultrasonik …….. Banggood

Skema Rangkaian Radar Arduino

Saya menghubungkan Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04 ke pin nomor 10 dan 11 dan servo motor ke pin nomor 12 pada Papan Arduino.

Kode Sumber

Sekarang kita perlu membuat kode dan mengunggahnya ke Papan Arduino yang akan mengaktifkan interaksi antara Arduino dan IDE Processing. Untuk memahami bagaimana koneksi bekerja klik di sini untuk mengunjungi Tutorial Arduino dan Processing saya.

Berikut adalah Kode Sumber Arduino dengan deskripsi setiap baris kode:

// Includes the Servo library #include <Servo.h>. // Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor const int trigPin = 10; const int echoPin = 11; // Variables for the duration and the distance long duration; int distance; Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor void setup() { pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input Serial.begin(9600); myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached } void loop() { // rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){ myServo.write(i); delay(30); distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing } // Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees for(int i=165;i>15;i--){ myServo.write(i); delay(30); distance = calculateDistance(); Serial.print(i); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(distance); Serial.print("."); } } // Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor int calculateDistance(){ digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds distance= duration*0.034/2; return distance; } Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Sekarang kita akan menerima nilai sudut dan jarak yang diukur oleh sensor dari Papan Arduino ke dalam IDE Processing menggunakan fungsi SerialEvent() yang membaca data dari Port Serial dan kita akan menempatkan nilai sudut dan jarak ke dalam variabel iAngle dan iDistance. Variabel ini akan digunakan untuk menggambar radar, garis, objek yang terdeteksi dan beberapa teks.

Untuk menggambar radar saya membuat fungsi drawRadar() yang terdiri dari fungsi arc() dan line().

void drawRadar() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location noFill(); strokeWeight(2); stroke(98,245,31); // draws the arc lines arc(0,0,1800,1800,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1400,1400,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1000,1000,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,600,600,PI,TWO_PI); // draws the angle lines line(-960,0,960,0); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(30)),-960*sin(radians(30))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(60)),-960*sin(radians(60))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(90)),-960*sin(radians(90))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(120)),-960*sin(radians(120))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(150)),-960*sin(radians(150))); line(-960*cos(radians(30)),0,960,0); popMatrix(); }Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Untuk menggambar garis yang bergerak sepanjang radar saya membuat fungsi drawLine(). Pusat rotasinya diatur dengan fungsi translate() dan menggunakan fungsi line() di mana variabel iAngle digunakan garis digambar ulang untuk setiap derajat.

void drawLine() { pushMatrix(); strokeWeight(9); stroke(30,250,60); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location line(0,0,950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle popMatrix(); }Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Untuk menggambar objek yang terdeteksi saya membuat fungsi drawObject() . Fungsi ini mendapatkan jarak dari sensor ultrasonik, mengubahnya menjadi piksel dan dalam kombinasi dengan sudut sensor menggambar objek pada radar.

void drawObject() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location strokeWeight(9); stroke(255,10,10); // red color pixsDistance = iDistance*22.5; // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels // limiting the range to 40 cms if(iDistance<40){ // draws the object according to the angle and the distance line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); } popMatrix(); }Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Untuk teks di layar saya membuat fungsi drawText() yang menggambar teks di lokasi tertentu.

Semua fungsi ini dipanggil dalam fungsi utama draw() yang berulang selalu dan menggambar layar. Juga di sini saya menggunakan fungsi fill() ini dengan 2 parameter untuk mensimulasikan gerakan blur dan perlahan pudar garis yang bergerak.

void draw() { fill(98,245,31); textFont(orcFont); // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line noStroke(); fill(0,4); rect(0, 0, width, 1010); fill(98,245,31); // green color // calls the functions for drawing the radar drawRadar(); drawLine(); drawObject(); drawText(); }Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Berikut adalah penampilan akhir radar:

Berikut adalah Kode Sumber Processing lengkap dari Radar Arduino:

import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port import java.io.IOException; Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial // defubes variables String angle=""; String distance=""; String data=""; String noObject; float pixsDistance; int iAngle, iDistance; int index1=0; int index2=0; PFont orcFont; void setup() { size (1920, 1080); smooth(); myPort = new Serial(this,"COM4", 9600); // starts the serial communication myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance. orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw"); } void draw() { fill(98,245,31); textFont(orcFont); // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line noStroke(); fill(0,4); rect(0, 0, width, 1010); fill(98,245,31); // green color // calls the functions for drawing the radar drawRadar(); drawLine(); drawObject(); drawText(); } void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data". data = myPort.readStringUntil('.'); data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1); index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1" angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance // converts the String variables into Integer iAngle = int(angle); iDistance = int(distance); } void drawRadar() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location noFill(); strokeWeight(2); stroke(98,245,31); // draws the arc lines arc(0,0,1800,1800,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1400,1400,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1000,1000,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,600,600,PI,TWO_PI); // draws the angle lines line(-960,0,960,0); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(30)),-960*sin(radians(30))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(60)),-960*sin(radians(60))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(90)),-960*sin(radians(90))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(120)),-960*sin(radians(120))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(150)),-960*sin(radians(150))); line(-960*cos(radians(30)),0,960,0); popMatrix(); } void drawObject() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location strokeWeight(9); stroke(255,10,10); // red color pixsDistance = iDistance*22.5; // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels // limiting the range to 40 cms if(iDistance<40){ // draws the object according to the angle and the distance line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); } popMatrix(); } void drawLine() { pushMatrix(); strokeWeight(9); stroke(30,250,60); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location line(0,0,950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle popMatrix(); } void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen pushMatrix(); if(iDistance>40) { noObject = "Out of Range"; } else { noObject = "In Range"; } fill(0,0,0); noStroke(); rect(0, 1010, width, 1080); fill(98,245,31); textSize(25); text("10cm",1180,990); text("20cm",1380,990); text("30cm",1580,990); text("40cm",1780,990); textSize(40); text("Object: " + noObject, 240, 1050); text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", 1050, 1050); text("Distance: ", 1380, 1050); if(iDistance<40) { text(" " + iDistance +" cm", 1400, 1050); } textSize(25); fill(98,245,60); translate(961+960*cos(radians(30)),982-960*sin(radians(30))); rotate(-radians(-60)); text("30°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(954+960*cos(radians(60)),984-960*sin(radians(60))); rotate(-radians(-30)); text("60°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(945+960*cos(radians(90)),990-960*sin(radians(90))); rotate(radians(0)); text("90°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(935+960*cos(radians(120)),1003-960*sin(radians(120))); rotate(radians(-30)); text("120°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(940+960*cos(radians(150)),1018-960*sin(radians(150))); rotate(radians(-60)); text("150°",0,0); popMatrix(); } Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Hanya ubah nilai dalam fungsi size(), dengan resolusi layar Anda.

/* Arduino Radar Project * * Updated version. Fits any screen resolution! * Just change the values in the size() function, * with your screen resolution. * * by Dejan Nedelkovski, * www.HowToMechatronics.com * */ import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port import java.io.IOException; Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial // defubes variables String angle=""; String distance=""; String data=""; String noObject; float pixsDistance; int iAngle, iDistance; int index1=0; int index2=0; PFont orcFont; void setup() { size (1920, 1080); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION*** smooth(); myPort = new Serial(this,"COM4", 9600); // starts the serial communication myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance. orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw"); } void draw() { fill(98,245,31); textFont(orcFont); // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line noStroke(); fill(0,4); rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065); fill(98,245,31); // green color // calls the functions for drawing the radar drawRadar(); drawLine(); drawObject(); drawText(); } void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data". data = myPort.readStringUntil('.'); data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1); index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1" angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance // converts the String variables into Integer iAngle = int(angle); iDistance = int(distance); } void drawRadar() { pushMatrix(); translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location noFill(); strokeWeight(2); stroke(98,245,31); // draws the arc lines arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI); // draws the angle lines line(-width/2,0,width/2,0); line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30))); line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60))); line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90))); line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120))); line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150))); line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0); popMatrix(); } void drawObject() { pushMatrix(); translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location strokeWeight(9); stroke(255,10,10); // red color pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels // limiting the range to 40 cms if(iDistance<40){ // draws the object according to the angle and the distance line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle))); } popMatrix(); } void drawLine() { pushMatrix(); strokeWeight(9); stroke(30,250,60); translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle popMatrix(); } void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen pushMatrix(); if(iDistance>40) { noObject = "Out of Range"; } else { noObject = "In Range"; } fill(0,0,0); noStroke(); rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height); fill(98,245,31); textSize(25); text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833); text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833); text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833); text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833); textSize(40); text("Object: " + noObject, width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277); text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277); text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277); if(iDistance<40) { text(" " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277); } textSize(25); fill(98,245,60); translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30))); rotate(-radians(-60)); text("30°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60))); rotate(-radians(-30)); text("60°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90))); rotate(radians(0)); text("90°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120))); rotate(radians(-30)); text("120°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150))); rotate(radians(-60)); text("150°",0,0); popMatrix(); }Code language: Arduino (arduino)

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