Kode Warna Penyaluran Standar untuk Sirkuit AC & DC – IEC, AS, Inggris & Kanada
Identifikasi warna penyaluran yang akurat esensial untuk instalasi listrik yang aman dan patuh. Bergantung pada wilayah dan jenis sistem—AC atau DC—berbagai standar berlaku. Di bawah ini adalah referensi ringkas dan otoritatif yang mengikuti pedoman IEC terbaru, U.S. NEC, dan kode lokal.
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) – AC Wiring Color Codes (Most of Europe)
| Function | Label | Color (IEC) | Color (Legacy IEC) |
|---|
| Protective earth | PE | Green‑Yellow | Green‑Yellow |
| Neutral | N | Blue | Blue |
| Line, single phase | L | Brown | Brown or Black |
| Line, 3‑phase – L1 | L1 | Brown | Brown or Black |
| Line, 3‑phase – L2 | L2 | Black | Brown or Black |
| Line, 3‑phase – L3 | L3 | Grey | Brown or Black |
Legacy codes did not guarantee proper phase rotation; the modern IEC system does. The protective ground is green with a yellow stripe.
Click to expand infographic
United Kingdom – AC Wiring Color Codes
| Function | Label | Color (IEC) | Old UK Color |
|---|
| Protective earth | PE | Green‑Yellow | Green‑Yellow |
| Neutral | N | Blue | Black |
| Line, single phase | L | Brown | Red |
| Line, 3‑phase – L1 | L1 | Brown | Red |
| Line, 3‑phase – L2 | L2 | Black | Yellow |
| Line, 3‑phase – L3 | L3 | Grey | Blue |
United States – AC Wiring Color Codes
The U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC) mandates white or grey for neutral and a bare, green, or green‑yellow stripe for protective ground. All other colors may be used for hots, but local practice is consistent:
| Function | Label | Common Color | Alternative Color |
|---|
| Protective ground | PG | Bare, green, or green‑yellow | Green |
| Neutral | N | White | Grey |
| Line, single phase | L | Black or Red (2nd hot) | |
| Line, 3‑phase – L1 | L1 | Black | Brown |
| Line, 3‑phase – L2 | L2 | Red | Orange |
| Line, 3‑phase – L3 | L3 | Blue | Yellow |
Canada – AC Wiring Color Codes
Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) follows a similar pattern to the U.S., with specific color conventions for single‑phase and three‑phase systems.
| Function | Label | Color (Common) |
|---|
| Protective ground | PG | Green or green‑yellow |
| Neutral | N | White |
| Line, single phase | L | Black or Red (2nd hot) |
| Line, 3‑phase – L1 | L1 | Red |
| Line, 3‑phase – L2 | L2 | Black |
| Line, 3‑phase – L3 | L3 | Blue |
IEC – DC Wiring Color Codes
DC installations, such as solar arrays and data centers, adopt the same color logic as AC for safety and interoperability. Below is the IEC standard for DC systems, adapted from Cook’s Table 2.
| Function | Label | Color |
|---|
| Protective earth | PE | Green‑Yellow |
| 2‑wire unearthed DC system |
| Positive | L+ | Brown |
| Negative | L- | Grey |
| 2‑wire earthed DC system |
| Positive (negative‑earthed) | L+ | Brown |
| Negative (negative‑earthed) | M | Blue |
| Positive (positive‑earthed) | M | Blue |
| Negative (positive‑earthed) | L- | Grey |
| 3‑wire earthed DC system |
| Positive | L+ | Brown |
| Mid‑wire | M | Blue |
| Negative | L- | Grey |
United States – Recommended DC Wiring Color Codes
NEC requires grounded neutrals to be white or grey, and protective grounds to be bare, green, or green‑yellow. Hot conductors may be any other color, but local inspectors typically advise black for the first hot and red for the second. The table below follows Wiles’ recommendations. Ungrounded systems are discouraged for safety.
| Function | Label | Color |
|---|
| Protective ground | PG | Bare, green, or green‑yellow |
| 2‑wire ungrounded DC system |
| Positive | L+ | No recommendation (red) |
| Negative | L- | No recommendation (black) |
| 2‑wire grounded DC system |
| Positive (negative‑grounded) | L+ | Red |
| Negative (negative‑grounded) | N | White |
| Positive (positive‑grounded) | N | White |
| Negative (positive‑grounded) | L- | Black |
| 3‑wire grounded DC system |
| Positive | L+ | Red |
| Mid‑wire (center tap) | N | White |
| Negative | L- | Black |
For precise calculations of wire sizes and resistances, explore our Wire & Resistor Calculators in the Tool section.
