Jenis Mesin Bubut: Tinjauan Komprehensif

Lathe is an important dan widely used machine tool used in machining process. Sometimes it is called as mother of all other machine tools. Main function of lathe machine is to remove excess material from job dan give it require size dan dimensions. Lathe rotates work piece about an axis. Job is inserted between jaw chucks of lathe dan then turning operation is done by single point cutting tool. Excess material s removed by single point cutting tool in form of chips. Work piece is fixed in jaws dan rotates about their axis. Feed is provided to cutting tool as per requirement. Rotation is provided to work piece by electric motor atau engine at specific rpm. By using lathe we can perform various operations like drilling, turning, reaming, boring, taper turning, knurling, thread cutting dan grinding etc.

These days we use different types of lathe according to requirement. Lathes are manufactured in different types dan sizes; lathe can be very small in size for small operations to huge in sizes used for turning large diameter shafts. All lathes which we used have almost same function dan operations. Following are different types of lathe we use in industry as per requirements.

Jenis Mesin Bubut:

1. Centre atau engine lathe
2. Speed lathe
3. Tool room lathe
4. Bench lathe
5. Capstan dan turret lathe
6. Special purpose lathe
7. Automatic lathe
8. Computerized lathes (CNC)

1. Centre atau engine lathe:

Centre atau engine lathe is oldest dan very common type of lathe. It is widely used machine tool in industry dan its main function is to manufacture cylindrical profiles. Basic parts of centre lathe are bed, headstock dan tailstock. It has durable headstock that can drive lathe at different speeds with help of some mechanisms. In very early days when no electric motor used this was driven by steam engines that’s why it is called as engine lathe also but now days power is transmitted to lathe by electric motors with help of some gears dan belt drives. We can adjust speed of lathe by using gears dan belt drives. Engine lathes can easily feed cutting tool in both directions i.e. longitudinal dan lateral directions with help of feed mechanisms.

2. Speed lathe:

Speed lathe works at very high speed as name suggest. Its headstock spindle is rotates at very high speed. Speed lathe is very simple dan basic type of lathe having basic parts like bed, headstock, tailstock but it has no feed mechanism. Feed is provided by manually of hand operated. This type of lathe is used where less cutting force is required or we can say that it is used to machine soft materials. It is used for spinning, centering, polishing dan machining of wood etc.

3. Bench lathe:

As name suggest this lathe is mounted on a bench. It is generally a small type of lathe. It has also same parts like headstock, tail stock dan can perform same functions as engine lathe but mainly used for working on small and precious parts.

4. Tool room lathe:

Tool room lathe works on different ranges of speeds it can be operates on high rpm as well as low rpm as per requirements. Its parts are almost same similar to engine lathe but parts are build very accurately dan should be arranged in proper sequence because this lathe is used for highly precious work with very less tolerances. Tool room lathes are used for precious work on tools where dimensional accuracy should be maintained, dies, limit gauges dan machining of those parts which requires more accuracy with minimum tolerances.

5. Turret/Capstan lathes:

Turret lathe is modified version of engine lathe. It is an example of advancement of technology in manufacturing industry. Older lathes have some draw back i.e. they cannot use in mass production dan can performs only single operation at a time but after invention of turret lathe we can easily do mass production. Construction of turret lathe is similar to engine lathe but difference is tail stock of engine lathe is replaced by hexagonal turret on which multiple tools are fitted. These tools are capable in performing multiple tasks like turning, boring, thread cutting, drilling dan facing. By using these tools we can easily perform different type of operations on single work piece without changing of tool dan work piece.

All these tools are mounted on hexagonal turret; turret is rotates after each operation. Turret lathe is used for mass production dan advantage of this lathe is a less skilled operator can perform work on it once all setup is done properly. This type of lathe can be used for machining large work piece also.

6. Special purpose lathe:

These types of lathes are used for some special purposes as per their name. These are used to machine those components which cannot be machined by standard lathes. Types of lathe which comes in this category are wheel lathe, gap bed lathe, tracer/duplicate lathe dan T-lathe.

• Wheel lathe is used for machining of journals dan rail rods. It is also used for turning threads on locomotive wheels.
• Gap bed lathe is used to machine large diameter work piece i.e. up to 1.5 to 2 meters dan 6-8 meters in length.
• T-shape lathe are used to machine rotors used in jet engines dan gas turbines. Shape of its bed in T that’s why it is called as T-shaped lathes.
• Duplicate atau tracer lathe is used for duplicating atau making replica of shape. This lathe can machine different type of contours. It traces shape of one component dan makes replica of same contour. Numerically controlled lathes are modified version of Duplicate lathes.

8. Automatic lathe:

As name suggest this lathe performs work automatically. Standard lathes have some draw backs i.e. they are not used for mass production. But automatic lathes are used for mass production. Some mechanisms are responsible for automation in it. In fully automatic lathes job handling dan tool changing is automatic but in semiautomatic tool changing is done manually but job handling movements are automatic. These types of lathes are high speed dan heavy duty.

9. Computerized controlled lathes:

This is widely used lathe in present time because of its working. It is most advance type of lathe this time. CNC is example of this kind of lathes. CNC stands for Computerized numerically controlled. These lathes are fully automatic can works on some programs feed into computer atau we can say that it uses computer programs to control machine tool. Once program is feed in to computer a large number of parts of same kind can be machined with very high speed dan accuracy. Pre-programmed computer software is responsible for all process from tool changing to replacing new work piece with old one all functions done automatically. A semi skilled worker can easily operate this after initial setup is done. These types of lathes are used for mass production. Components manufactured by these lathes are very accurate in dimensional tolerances.

Itu tadi tentang types of lathe machine. Jika ada pertanyaan mengenai artikel ini, tanyakan melalui komentar. Jika suka artikel ini, jangan lupa untuk membagikannya di jaringan sosial. Langganan situs web kami untuk artikel informatif lainnya. Terima kasih telah membaca.