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Pemblokiran &Non-Pemblokiran Verilog

Memblokir

Memblokir pernyataan penugasan ditugaskan menggunakan = dan dieksekusi satu demi satu dalam blok prosedural. Namun, ini tidak akan mencegah eksekusi pernyataan yang berjalan di blok paralel.

  
  
module tb;
  reg [7:0] a, b, c, d, e;
  
  initial begin
    a = 8'hDA;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    b = 8'hF1;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    c = 8'h30;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
  end
  
  initial begin
    d = 8'hAA;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
 	e = 8'h55;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
  end
endmodule

Perhatikan bahwa ada dua initial blok yang dieksekusi secara paralel saat simulasi dimulai. Pernyataan dieksekusi secara berurutan di setiap blok dan kedua blok selesai pada waktu 0ns. Untuk lebih spesifik, variabel a ditugaskan terlebih dahulu, diikuti oleh pernyataan tampilan yang kemudian diikuti oleh semua pernyataan lainnya. Ini terlihat pada output di mana variabel b dan c adalah 8'hxx dalam pernyataan tampilan pertama. Ini karena variabel b dan c tugas belum dieksekusi saat $display first pertama disebut.

Log Simulasi 
ncsim> run
[0] a=0xda b=0xx c=0xx
[0] a=0xda b=0xf1 c=0xx
[0] a=0xda b=0xf1 c=0x30
[0] d=0xaa e=0xx
[0] d=0xaa e=0x55
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Pada contoh berikutnya, kami akan menambahkan beberapa penundaan ke dalam kumpulan pernyataan yang sama untuk melihat bagaimana perilakunya.

  
  
module tb;
  reg [7:0] a, b, c, d, e;
  
  initial begin
    a = 8'hDA;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    #10 b = 8'hF1;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    c = 8'h30;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
  end
  
  initial begin
    #5 d = 8'hAA;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
 	#5 e = 8'h55;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
  end
endmodule
Log Simulasi 
ncsim> run
[0] a=0xda b=0xx c=0xx
[5] d=0xaa e=0xx
[10] a=0xda b=0xf1 c=0xx
[10] a=0xda b=0xf1 c=0x30
[10] d=0xaa e=0x55
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Tanpa pemblokiran

Tanpa pemblokiran penugasan memungkinkan penugasan dijadwalkan tanpa menghalangi eksekusi pernyataan berikut dan ditentukan oleh <= simbol. Sangat menarik untuk dicatat bahwa simbol yang sama digunakan sebagai operator relasional dalam ekspresi, dan sebagai operator penugasan dalam konteks penugasan non-blocking. Jika kita ambil contoh pertama dari atas, ganti semua = symobls dengan operator penugasan non-pemblokiran <= , kita akan melihat beberapa perbedaan dalam output.

  
  
module tb;
  reg [7:0] a, b, c, d, e;
  
  initial begin
    a <= 8'hDA;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    b <= 8'hF1;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    c <= 8'h30;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
  end
  
  initial begin
    d <= 8'hAA;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
 	e <= 8'h55;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
  end
endmodule

Lihat bahwa semua $display pernyataan dicetak 'h'x . Alasan untuk perilaku ini terletak pada cara tugas non-pemblokiran dijalankan. RHS dari setiap pernyataan non-blocking dari langkah waktu tertentu ditangkap, dan pindah ke pernyataan berikutnya. Nilai RHS yang ditangkap ditetapkan ke variabel LHS hanya di akhir langkah waktu.

Log Simulasi 
ncsim> run
[0] a=0xx b=0xx c=0xx
[0] a=0xx b=0xx c=0xx
[0] a=0xx b=0xx c=0xx
[0] d=0xx e=0xx
[0] d=0xx e=0xx
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Jadi, jika kita memecah alur eksekusi dari contoh di atas, kita akan mendapatkan sesuatu seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.

|__ Spawn Block1: initial
|      |___ Time #0ns : a <= 8'DA, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hDA) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement: But a hasn't received new values so a=8'hx
|      |___ Time #0ns : b <= 8'F1, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hF1) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But b hasn't received new values so b=8'hx
|      |___ Time #0ns : c <= 8'30, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'h30) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But c hasn't received new values so c=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step and initial block, assign captured values into variables a, b, c
|
|__ Spawn Block2: initial
|      |___ Time #0ns : d <= 8'AA, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hAA) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement: But d hasn't received new values so d=8'hx
|      |___ Time #0ns : e <= 8'55, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'h55) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But e hasn't received new values so e=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step and initial block, assign captured values into variables d and e
|
|__ End of simulation at #0ns

Selanjutnya, mari kita gunakan contoh kedua dan ganti semua pernyataan pemblokiran menjadi non-pemblokiran.

  
  
module tb;
  reg [7:0] a, b, c, d, e;
  
  initial begin
    a <= 8'hDA;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    #10 b <= 8'hF1;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
    c <= 8'h30;
    $display ("[%0t] a=0x%0h b=0x%0h c=0x%0h", $time, a, b, c);
  end
  
  initial begin
    #5 d <= 8'hAA;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
 	#5 e <= 8'h55;
    $display ("[%0t] d=0x%0h e=0x%0h", $time, d, e);
  end
endmodule

Sekali lagi kita dapat melihat bahwa outputnya berbeda dari yang kita dapatkan sebelumnya.

Log Simulasi 
ncsim> run
[0] a=0xx b=0xx c=0xx
[5] d=0xx e=0xx
[10] a=0xda b=0xx c=0xx
[10] a=0xda b=0xx c=0xx
[10] d=0xaa e=0xx
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Jika kita memecah alur eksekusi, kita akan mendapatkan sesuatu seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.

|__ Spawn Block1 at #0ns: initial
|      |___ Time #0ns : a <= 8'DA, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hDA) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #0ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement: But a hasn't received new values so a=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step : Assign captured value to variable a, and a is now 8'hDA
|      |___ Wait until time advances by 10 time-units to #10ns
|	
|      |___ Time #10ns : b <= 8'F1, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hF1) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #10ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But b hasn't received new values so b=8'hx
|	   |___ Time #10ns : c <= 8'30, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'h30) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #10ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But c hasn't received new values so c=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step and initial block, assign captured values into variables b, c
|	
|__ Spawn Block2 at #0ns: initial
|      |___ Wait until time advances by 5 time-units to #5ns
|	
|      |___ Time #5ns : d <= 8'AA, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'hAA) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #5ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement: But d hasn't received new values so d=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step : Assign captured value to variable d, and d is now 8'hAA
|      |___ Wait until time advances by 5 time-units to #5ns
|	
|      |___ Time #10ns : e <= 8'55, is non-blocking so note value of RHS (8'h55) and execute next step
|      |___ Time #10ns : $display() is blocking, so execute this statement. But e hasn't received new values so e=8'hx
|      |___ End of time-step and initial block, assign captured values to variable e, and e is now 8'h55
|
|__ End of simulation at #10ns

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