Bangun Mini CNC 2D Plotter dari Unit DVD Bekas Menggunakan L293D Motor Shield

Komponen dan Perlengkapan

• Arduino UNO × 1 (Otak mesin)
• L293D motor shield × 1 (Mengontrol motor stepper sumbu)
• Tower pro Servo motor 9g × 1 (Gerakan Z-axis pena UP & pena DOWN)
• Scrap DVD Drive × 1 (Mekanis X-axis & Y-axis)
• Kabel Jumper (umum) × 1

Aplikasi dan Layanan Online

• Arduino IDE
• Processing IDE
• Inkscape

Tentang Proyek Ini

Susun dua unit DVD bekas seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar

1. Unduh Arduino IDE

2. Unduh Processing IDE

3. Buka Arduino IDE dan muat kode yang diunduh dari sini.

4. Buka Processing IDE dan muat kode yang diunduh dari sini.

Buka unit DVD bekas dan keluarkan meja gerak internal. Meja ini yang memiliki mekanisme stepper akan bertindak sebagai X-axis & Y-axis kami. Lihat gambar yang dilampirkan untuk memahami cara merakit mesin Anda. Buat lubang pada kotak DVD kosong dan pasang X-axis dan Y-axis Anda pada kotak DVD masing-masing dengan bantuan baut dan dadu.

Sekarang letakkan keduanya tegak lurus satu sama lain.

G code

Untuk membuat file g-code yang kompatibel dengan mesin CNC ini Anda harus menggunakan Inkscape.

Inkscape adalah perangkat lunak grafis vektor berkualitas profesional yang berjalan di Windows, Mac OS X dan Linux. Digunakan oleh profesional desain dan hobi di seluruh dunia, untuk menciptakan berbagai macam grafik seperti ilustrasi, ikon, logo, diagram, peta dan grafik web. Inkscape menggunakan format standar terbuka W3C SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) sebagai format aslinya, dan merupakan perangkat lunak gratis dan open-source. Unduh dan instal Inkscape dari sini.

(Penting: unduh versi 0.48.5) Sekarang Anda perlu menginstal Add-on yang memungkinkan ekspor gambar ke file g-code. Add-on ini dapat ditemukan di sini dengan catatan instalasi.

Silakan ikuti video di YouTube cara membuat file G-code.

• Upload file gctrl ke processing IDE dan klik tombol PLAY di jendela processing.

• Pertama tekan 'p' untuk memilih port komunikasi Anda

• Jika Anda ingin Anda dapat mengatur kecepatan jog dengan menekan tombol 1, 2, atau 3 dari keyboard

• Tekan 'g' untuk memuat file G-code

• Mesin Anda siap menggambar segera setelah Anda menekan enter dengan memilih file g-code

Sekarang plotter Anda siap. Beberapa tautan unduhan file G-code siap pakai:

• https://www.dropbox.com/s/bazynxife4k1trv/Hisoka.gcode?dl=0

• https://www.dropbox.com/s/h6bkdr5lhegbj6a/papay.gcode?dl=0

• https://www.dropbox.com/s/ueku5ckt6m4cmg4/spong1.gcode?dl=0

Terima kasih atas perhatian Anda! Kunjungi tautan ini untuk ilustrasi lengkap.

Video untuk melihat mesin secara langsung:

Kode

• Kode Arduino CNC
• Kode Processing

Kode Arduino CNCArduino

Upload kode ini ke Arduino

#include <Servo.h> #include <AFMotor.h> #define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH 512 char STEP = MICROSTEP ; // Servo position for Up and Down const int penZUp = 95; const int penZDown = 83; // Servo on PWM pin 10 const int penServoPin =10 ; // Should be right for DVD steppers, but is not too important here const int stepsPerRevolution = 48; // create servo object to control a servo Servo penServo; // Initialize steppers for X- and Y-axis using this Arduino pins for the L293D H-bridge AF_Stepper myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution,1); AF_Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution,2); /* Structures, global variables */ struct point { float x; float y; float z; }; // Current position of plothead struct point actuatorPos; // Drawing settings, should be OK float StepInc = 1; int StepDelay = 0; int LineDelay =0; int penDelay = 50; // Motor steps to go 1 millimeter. // Use test sketch to go 100 steps. Measure the length of line. // Calculate steps per mm. Enter here. float StepsPerMillimeterX = 100.0; float StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0; // Drawing robot limits, in mm // OK to start with. Could go up to 50 mm if calibrated well. float Xmin = 0; float Xmax = 40; float Ymin = 0; float Ymax = 40; float Zmin = 0; float Zmax = 1; float Xpos = Xmin; float Ypos = Ymin; float Zpos = Zmax; // Set to true to get debug output. boolean verbose = false; // Needs to interpret // G1 for moving // G4 P300 (wait 150ms) // M300 S30 (pen down) // M300 S50 (pen up) // Discard anything with a ( // Discard any other command! /********************** * void setup() - Initialisations ***********************/ void setup() { // Setup Serial.begin( 9600 ); penServo.attach(penServoPin); penServo.write(penZUp); delay(100); // Decrease if necessary myStepperX.setSpeed(600); myStepperY.setSpeed(600); // Set & move to initial default position // TBD // Notifications!!! Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and kicking!"); Serial.print("X range is from "); Serial.print(Xmin); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.print(Xmax); Serial.println(" mm."); Serial.print("Y range is from "); Serial.print(Ymin); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.print(Ymax); Serial.println(" mm."); } /********************** * void loop() - Main loop ***********************/ void loop() { delay(100); char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH ]; char c; int lineIndex; bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon; lineIndex = 0; lineSemiColon = false; lineIsComment = false; while (1) { // Serial reception - Mostly from Grbl, added semicolon support while ( Serial.available()>0 ) { c = Serial.read(); if (( c == '\n') || (c == '\r') ) { // End of line reached if ( lineIndex > 0 ) { // Line is complete. Then execute! line[ lineIndex ] = '\0'; // Terminate string if (verbose) { Serial.print( "Received : "); Serial.println( line ); } processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex ); lineIndex = 0; } else { // Empty or comment line. Skip block. } lineIsComment = false; lineSemiColon = false; Serial.println("ok"); } else { if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon) ) { // Throw away all comment characters if ( c == ')') lineIsComment = false; // End of comment. Resume line. } else { if ( c <= ' ' ) { // Throw away whitepace and control characters } else if ( c == '/' ) { // Block delete not supported. Ignore character. } else if ( c == '(' ) { // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters until ')' or EOL. lineIsComment = true; } else if ( c == ';' ) { lineSemiColon = true; } else if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) { Serial.println( "ERROR - lineBuffer overflow" ); lineIsComment = false; lineSemiColon = false; } else if ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) { // Upcase lowercase line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-'a'+'A'; } else { line[ lineIndex++ ] = c; } } } } } } void processIncomingLine( char* line, int charNB ) { int currentIndex = 0; char buffer[ 64 ]; // Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter struct point newPos; newPos.x = 0.0; newPos.y = 0.0; // Needs to interpret // G1 for moving // G4 P300 (wait 150ms) // G1 X60 Y30 // G1 X30 Y50 // M300 S30 (pen down) // M300 S50 (pen up) // Discard anything with a ( // Discard any other command! while( currentIndex < charNB ) { switch ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) { // Select command, if any case 'U': penUp(); break; case 'D': penDown(); break; case 'G': buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; // /!\ Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands // buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; // buffer[2] = '\0'; buffer[1] = '\0'; switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){ // Select G command case 0: // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same here case 1: // /!\ Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'X' ); // Get X/Y position in the string (if any) char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'Y' ); if ( indexY <= 0 ) { newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); newPos.y = actuatorPos.y; } else if ( indexX <= 0 ) { newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1); newPos.x = actuatorPos.x; } else { newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1); indexY = '\0'; newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); } drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y ); // Serial.println("ok"); actuatorPos.x = newPos.x; actuatorPos.y = newPos.y; break; } break; case 'M': buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; // /!\ Dirty - Only works with 3 digit commands buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; buffer[3] = '\0'; switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){ case 300: { char* indexS = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'S' ); float Spos = atof( indexS + 1); // Serial.println("ok"); if (Spos == 30) { penDown(); } if (Spos == 50) { penUp(); } break; } case 114: // M114 - Repport position Serial.print( "Absolute position : X = " ); Serial.print( actuatorPos.x ); Serial.print( " - Y = " ); Serial.println( actuatorPos.y ); break; default: Serial.print( "Command not recognized : M"); Serial.println( buffer ); } } } } /********************************* * Draw a line from (x0;y0) to (x1;y1). * Bresenham algo from https://www.marginallyclever.com/blog/2013/08/how-to-build-an-2-axis-arduino-cnc-gcode-interpreter/ * int (x1;y1) : Starting coordinates * int (x2;y2) : Ending coordinates **********************************/ void drawLine(float x1, float y1) { if (verbose) { Serial.print("fx1, fy1: "); Serial.print(x1); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y1); Serial.println(""); } // Bring instructions within limits if (x1 >= Xmax) { x1 = Xmax; } if (x1 <= Xmin) { x1 = Xmin; } if (y1 >= Ymax) { y1 = Ymax; } if (y1 <= Ymin) { y1 = Ymin; } if (verbose) { Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: "); Serial.print(Xpos); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(Ypos); Serial.println(""); } if (verbose) { Serial.print("x1, y1: "); Serial.print(x1); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y1); Serial.println(""); } // Convert coordinates to steps x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX); y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY); float x0 = Xpos; float y0 = Ypos; // Let's find out the change for the coordinates long dx = abs(x1-x0); long dy = abs(y1-y0); int sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc; int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc; long i; long over = 0; if (dx > dy) { for (i=0; i<dx; ++i) { myStepperX.onestep(sx,STEP); over+=dy; if (over>=dx) { over-=dx; myStepperY.onestep(sy,STEP); } delay(StepDelay); } } else { for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) { myStepperY.onestep(sy,STEP); over+=dx; if (over>=dy) { over-=dy; myStepperX.onestep(sx,STEP); } delay(StepDelay); } } if (verbose) { Serial.print("dx, dy:"); Serial.print(dx); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(dy); Serial.println(""); } if (verbose) { Serial.print("Going to ("); Serial.print(x0); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y0); Serial.println(")"); } // Delay before any next lines are submitted delay(LineDelay); // Update the positions Xpos = x1; Ypos = y1; } // Raises pen void penUp() { penServo.write(penZUp); delay(penDelay); Zpos=Zmax; digitalWrite(15, LOW); digitalWrite(16, HIGH); if (verbose) { Serial.println("Pen up!"); } } // Lowers pen void penDown() { penServo.write(penZDown); delay(penDelay); Zpos=Zmin; digitalWrite(15, HIGH); digitalWrite(16, LOW); if (verbose) { Serial.println("Pen down."); } } 

Processing codeJava

Upload kode ini ke Processing IDE

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import processing.serial.*; Serial port = null; // select and modify the appropriate line for your operating system // leave as null to use interactive port (press 'p' in the program) String portname = null; //String portname = Serial.list()[0]; // Mac OS X //String portname = "/dev/ttyUSB0"; // Linux //String portname = "COM6"; // Windows boolean streaming = false; float speed = 0.001; String[] gcode; int i = 0; void openSerialPort() { if (portname == null) return; if (port != null) port.stop(); port = new Serial(this, portname, 9600); port.bufferUntil('\n'); } void selectSerialPort() { String result = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame, "Select the serial port that corresponds to your Arduino board.", "Select serial port", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE, null, Serial.list(), 0); if (result != null) { portname = result; openSerialPort(); } } void setup() { size(500, 250); openSerialPort(); } void draw() { background(0); fill(255); int y = 24, dy = 12; text("INSTRUCTIONS", 12, y); y += dy; text("p: select serial port", 12, y); y += dy; text("1: set speed to 0.001 inches (1 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy; text("2: set speed to 0.010 inches (10 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy; text("3: set speed to 0.100 inches (100 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy; text("arrow keys: jog in x-y plane", 12, y); y += dy; text("page up & page down: jog in z axis", 12, y); y += dy; text("$: display grbl settings", 12, y); y+= dy; text("h: go home", 12, y); y += dy; text("0: zero machine (set home to the current location)", 12, y); y += dy; text("g: stream a g-code file", 12, y); y += dy; text("x: stop streaming g-code (this is NOT immediate)", 12, y); y += dy; y = height - dy; text("current jog speed: " + speed + " inches per step", 12, y); y -= dy; text("current serial port: " + portname, 12, y); y -= dy; } void keyPressed() { if (key == '1') speed = 0.001; if (key == '2') speed = 0.01; if (key == '3') speed = 0.1; if (!streaming) { if (keyCode == LEFT) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X-" + speed + " Y0.000 Z0.000\n"); if (keyCode == RIGHT) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X" + speed + " Y0.000 Z0.000\n"); if (keyCode == UP) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y" + speed + " Z0.000\n"); if (keyCode == DOWN) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y-" + speed + " Z0.000\n"); if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_UP) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z" + speed + "\n"); if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_DOWN) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z-" + speed + "\n"); if (key == 'h') port.write("G90\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z0.000\n"); if (key == 'v') port.write("$0=75\n$1=74\n$2=75\n"); //if (key == 'v') port.write("$0=100\n$1=74\n$2=75\n"); if (key == 's') port.write("$3=10\n"); if (key == 'e') port.write("$16=1\n"); if (key == 'd') port.write("$16=0\n"); if (key == '0') openSerialPort(); if (key == 'p') selectSerialPort(); if (key == '$') port.write("$$\n"); } if (!streaming && key == 'g') { gcode = null; i = 0; File file = null; println("Loading file..."); selectInput("Select a file to process:", "fileSelected", file); } if (key == 'x') streaming = false; } void fileSelected(File selection) { if (selection == null) { println("Window was closed or the user hit cancel."); } else { println("User selected " + selection.getAbsolutePath()); gcode = loadStrings(selection.getAbsolutePath()); if (gcode == null) return; streaming = true; stream(); } } void stream() { if (!streaming) return; while (true) { if (i == gcode.length) { streaming = false; return; } if (gcode[i].trim().length() == 0) i++; else break; } println(gcode[i]); port.write(gcode[i] + '\n'); i++; } void serialEvent(Serial p) { String s = p.readStringUntil('\n'); println(s.trim()); if (s.trim().startsWith("ok")) stream(); if (s.trim().startsWith("error")) stream(); // XXX: really? } 

Skematik

hubungkan semua komponse seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar